Their most comprehensive report happens in Negative Dialectics, that is chatted about after

Correctly, inside the creating a “dialectic out-of enlightenment” the newest article authors likewise try to create a dialectical enlightenment away from enlightenment not as opposed to Hegel’s Phenomenology away from Heart. “Determinate negation” (bestimmte Negation) indicates that immanent problem is the treatment for wrest insights regarding ideology. An effective dialectical enlightenment away from enlightenment “shows per visualize as program. They instructs me to comprehend from [the latest image’s] provides the fresh entryway away from falseness and this cancels the electricity and hands they out to knowledge” (De 18). Beyond and you will through particularly determinate negation, a beneficial dialectical enlightenment regarding enlightenment also recalls the foundation and you can purpose away from consider in itself. Such recollection is the works of your own concept since notice-meditation away from think (der Begriff als Selbstbesinnung des Denkens, De- https://datingranking.net/es/citas-wiccan/ 32). Abstract notice-reflection indicates that envision is inspired by the very corporeal demands and you can wishes which get destroyed when consider will get a mere software out-of peoples care about-preservation. In addition, it indicates that the goal of believe is not to keep the new blind domination of character and you will people but to point to your reconciliation. Adorno turns out the important points on the conception inside the after that lectures into the Kant (KC), ethics (PMP), and you may metaphysics (MCP) and in their courses towards Husserl (AE), Hegel (H), and Heidegger (JA).

3. Critical Public Principle

Dialectic from Enlightenment presupposes a life threatening societal theory indebted so you’re able to Karl Marx. Adorno checks out Marx once the a Hegelian materialist whoever complaints out of capitalism unavoidably boasts a complaints of ideologies you to definitely capitalism sustains and you may needs. The first of those is really what Marx named “the fetishism out of commodities.” Marx aligned his complaints out of item fetishism up against bourgeois personal boffins whom only describe the newest capitalist cost savings but, by doing so, at exactly the same time misdescribe it and you may recommend a bogus public sight. Based on Marx, bourgeois economists necessarily ignore the exploitation inherent so you’re able to capitalist production. They don’t remember that capitalist production, for everyone its body “freedom” and you will “fairness,” need to pull excess worth regarding labor of working class. Instance normal brands and customers below capitalist criteria, bourgeois economists cure the latest item because a great fetish. They approach it because if it have been a simple target, with a lifetime of its own, you to definitely in person relates to almost every other merchandise, inside the freedom regarding the human interactions that really experience the commodities. Marx, by contrast, contends you to any kind of helps make a product an item extends back so you can human means, desires, and you can practices. This new product would not have “have fun with worth” when it failed to fulfill person wants. It could not have “replace worth” in the event the no one wanted to change they getting something different. And its own change well worth cannot end up being determined in the event your product failed to give other commodities a “value” produced by the fresh new expenses out-of people work stamina and you may counted of the the typical work time socially must produce commodities of numerous sort.

Adorno’s public theory tries to generate Marx’s main facts relevant so you’re able to “later capitalism.” Even if for the arrangement that have Marx’s research of product, Adorno thinks their criticism out of commodity fetishism will not wade much sufficient. Extreme alter possess took place the structure from capitalism just like the Marx’s go out. This calls for posts towards the plenty of topics: this new dialectic ranging from pushes out-of creation and you may relationships off development; the connection anywhere between county and you will cost savings; brand new sociology out-of kinds and you can group understanding; the type and intent behind ideology; additionally the role regarding specialist countries, such progressive art and personal theory, inside criticizing capitalism and you will demanding the brand new conversion process off area as the a whole.

An important clues to the posts come from an idea out-of reification advised by the Hungarian socialist Georg Lukacs on 1920s and you can from interdisciplinary plans and you may discussions presented by members of new Institute of Societal Research in the 1930s and you can 1940s. Building on the Max Weber’s principle from rationalization, Lukacs contends that capitalist economy is no longer that sector off community close to others. Instead, item exchange is probably the main organizing concept for all groups out-of community. This enables commodity fetishism so you’re able to enter all public associations (elizabeth.grams., rules, management, journalism) in addition to the informative disciplines, also viewpoints. “Reification” refers to “brand new architectural techniques in which the fresh item means permeates existence for the capitalist area.” Lukacs try specifically worried about exactly how reification makes humans “appear to be mere one thing obeying the fresh inexorable laws and regulations of areas” (Zuidervaart 1991, 76).