French protectorate
The fresh new quality of the Agadir drama eliminated the way in which on Treaty of Fez to your March 29, 1912, towering good French Protectorate toward Morocco. The headlines was gotten which have indignation, the newest Moroccan armed forces mutinied during the middle-April and you can a violent common uprising into the Fez erupted. Another line out-of French soldiers managed to consume Fez in Can get, but situations had been already during the action – new tribesmen of one’s northern was indeed place aflame together with French colonial forces was indeed spread out and you may besieged along the thin line out of Casablanca to Oujda.
Altering path, the brand new sultan Abd al-Hafid inserted on contact with new rebels, prompting the latest French general Lyautey to force him in order to abdicate into the permit sis, Yusuf (at the time, the pasha off Fez), who had been promptly escorted on relative coverage regarding Rabat under French shield
Discontent in the south achieved around Ahmed al-Hiba, nicknamed this new “Bluish Sultan”, guy of one’s late al-Aynan, whoever forces remained achieved at the Tiznit about Souss area. Proclaiming the fresh Alawites got were unsuccessful within their duty, al-Hiba recommended so you’re able to cross-over this new Atlas and you will expose another type of southern area condition situated in Marrakesh, of which however go on to drive this new French aside of the northern. Even with al-Hiba’s denunciation of your quasi-feudal system away from huge https://www.datingranking.net/pl/her-recenzja qaids, a few of the southern area lords, that has previously liked Italian language patronage and you will balked on prospect off French-north dominance, lent the military support so you’re able to al-Hiba’s quote. Into the assistance of the qaids Haida ibn Mu’izz out of Taroudannt and Abd al-Rahman al-Guellouli of Essaouira, the Hibists easily achieved possession of the Sous valley plus the Haha region. Al-Hiba timely gathered upwards their Saharan and Soussian tribesmen and you may first started their march along side Higher Atlas inside July, 1912. Even though the High Atlas lords noticed ending him, Hibist fever had gripped the fresh rank-and-document of the tribes, as well as didn’t challenge contradict al-Hiba or chance becoming overthrown themselves. Al-Hiba’s passage over the High Atlas are facilitated by the qaid al-Mtouggi. Inside the August, 1912, hearing of your own abdication out-of Abd al-Hafid, al-Hiba announced brand new throne vacant and you may are applauded because of the their supporters since the the new sultan out-of Morocco from the Chichaoua, in the outskirts away from Marrakesh. The brand new Mtouggi-allied pasha regarding Marrakesh, Driss Mennou handed Marrakesh off to al-Hiba for the 15 August.
An upswing out of a different sultan in the Marrakesh alarmed Lyautey. Even when Paris considered an electrical energy-revealing plan which may create al-Hiba to stay sultan regarding Marrakesh and south, Lyautey is actually sufficiently aware of Moroccan record to adopt you to unsustainable. Lyautey tried what he might so you’re able to decelerate al-Hiba’s advance and avoid Marrakesh of falling. From private channels of the Marrakeshi banker Joshua Corcus, Lyautey inserted with the correspondence on Este Glaoui brothers, Madani and Thami. On the political desert as their dismissal during the early 1911, the brand new El Glaoui brothers considered its management of al-Hiba you may act as their ticket returning to the major. They certainly were incapable of avoid the Hibists out-of bringing i Este Glaoui surrendered five of your half a dozen French authorities people on area out over al-Hiba (retaining that having himself, in order to act as a witness regarding their tips on French authorities). Still, the brand new Este Glaoui brothers continuously fed the fresh French bodies updates on the difficulty in Marrakesh and you can put the private influence so you can entice wavering qaids from the Hibist cause.
Deeming it the fresh new top priority danger on French protectorate, Lyautey peeled aside French colonial soldiers off their tough-pressed ranks regarding the northern to gather a new column, beneath the command out-of Colonel Charles Mangin, and you will punctually set them off to bring Marrakesh. Mangin’s line found the brand new Hibist army at the Battle away from Sidi Bou Othman (6 September 1912). Modern French weaponry and you will machine guns virtually massacred al-Hiba’s badly provided military from partisans. Enjoying the text toward wall structure, extremely higher lords – al-Mtouggi, Driss Menou, al-Goundafi actually Haida al Mu’izz – got switched corners and you may quit al-Hiba, some up until the race, anyone else instantly after. Once the Mangin reached the metropolis, into seven September, the fresh new qaids, added of the El Glaoui, pounced in it, their loyalists daunting the latest Hibist garrisons, seizing hold of the hostages and operating al-Hiba and his remaining partisans away from Marrakesh. With restored order within the area, the fresh qaids greet the latest French line significantly less than Mangin to get in and you will take fingers of e out of sultan Yusuf, with the i Este Glaoui are punctually restored so you can his former standing since the pasha out of Marrakesh and you can given the Legion from Honor by the Lyautey, which decided to go to Marrakesh in the Oct, 1912.