As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

That it relationships kissbrides.com klikkaa tätä täällä nyt is very strong within the Shenzhen

Overall, and supportive proof an excellent dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, i in addition to find supportive proof to have markets exchange, because the migrants are more likely to wed a local lover (we.e., to make hukou intermarriage) because their degree develops. The outcomes recommend a high likelihood of hukou locality-training replace having low-college-educated migrants inside the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but a similar likelihood of hukou locality-studies replace during these several cities for school-knowledgeable migrants, and that helps Hypothesis 3 that down likelihood of hukou area-education change in the Shanghai, compared to the Shenzhen, holds having low-college-experienced migrants but not for college-knowledgeable migrants.

Predicated on Design 5 away from Table dos and you will Profile 2 , regional spouses’ degree isn’t of this the record-likelihood of hukou area intermarriage, hence relationship does not differ between the two urban centers

Thus far, we have felt just intermarriage ranging from locals and you can migrants, instead pinpointing ranging from a couple hukou versions. In our sample, locals is actually mainly urban hukou holders while migrants primarily hold outlying hukou in towns and cities. Specifically, inside Shanghai, regarding the 85% out of neighbors however, no more than 20% away from migrants have urban hukou. Into the Shenzhen, all the natives keep urban hukou, but just about thirty-five% of migrants is urban hukou holders. Brand new clinical variation out-of hukou type of ranging from locals and you can migrants suggests a possibility of hukou form of replace inside inter-hukou-area ine if hukou sort of influences our very own overall performance.

Basic, we look at the fresh delivery from hukou types of certainly one of intermarriages from hukou locality. As shown in Profile A1, more than half the new partners in which several partners disagree inside the hukou area means homogamy with respect to hukou kind of. This is exactly in line with earlier in the day results that every Chinese age hukou sorts of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A beneficial gender asymmetric development out of hukou interong partners connected with a migrant spouse and you may a city wife, only 11% was rural-husband-urban-spouse lovers while 86% was metropolitan-husband-urban-wife lovers. In contrast, certainly one of lovers in which the husband was an effective Shanghai regional resident additionally the partner was a great migrant, 45% are metropolitan-husband-rural-spouse couples. To put it differently, when female with Shanghai hukou get married migrants, they have a tendency so you’re able to marry urban migrants, whereas men which have Shanghai hukou which wed migrant women will wed rural migrants. In Shenzhen, so it gender trend try quicker obvious: 26% away from migrant-husband-local-wife partners features a metropolitan partner and you may an outlying spouse, while twelve% off local-husband-migrant-wife people cover a metropolitan husband and an outlying partner. This type of findings advise that into the Shanghai marriage field, each other hukou locality and you may hukou particular design intermarriage habits, in Shenzhen hukou form of seems quicker important. They then helps our very own conclusions on hukou hindrance being more powerful into the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>