In the event English is actually a great Germanic words, and more than of its basic code comes away from Dated English, there is also a significant language that comes away from Romance (Latin and you will French). Almost every other affixes, such as “-ation”, much more minimal.
Centered on Hans Marchand, regarding the Kinds and you can Style of Present-Date English Word-formation (College or university away from Alabama Force, 1969), this new suffix -ize comes in the first place regarding the Greek -izo. Many words conclude using this type of suffix passed out-of Ecclesiastical Greek to the Latin, in which, of the fourth 100 years, that they had end up being centered because verbs on the end -izare, such as barbarizare, catechizare, christianizare. For the Old French we find of several such as verbs, belonging mostly with the ecclesistical industries: baptiser (11th c.), canoniser (13th c.), exorciser (14th c.).
The first -ize terminology found for the English are loans that have each other a good French and Latin trend such as for example baptize (1297), catechize, and organize (both 15th c.) By the end of the sixteenth 100 years, although not, we come across many new formations in English, particularly bastardize, equalize, popularize, and you will womanize. The newest formal and you can semantic models were like those people from brand new lent French and you may Latin versions, however, as a result of the new revived examination of Greek, new knowledgeable had become significantly more familiar with their code and used new models out of Old Greek word-formation easily.
Anywhere between 1580 and you will 1700, the specialities out-of books, medicine, absolute research and you will theology lead many this new words towards words. A few of the conditions nevertheless being used now become criticize, fertilize, humanize, naturalize, satirize, sterilize, and you may symbolize. The development from technology shared huge variety of -ize formations through the nineteenth millennium and you can into 20th.
The newest -ize conditions built-up by people within the within classification 9 many years back reveal that -ize is nearly entirely limited by Love vocabulary, the sole conditions we found are womanize and you may winterize. Regardless of if most advanced English audio system are not consciously conscious of and therefore terms inside their code are from hence provider, he has acknowledged this variation within the coining the brand new terms and conditions.
Constituent Build regarding Words
The fresh new component morphemes regarding a phrase is going to be prepared towards the an excellent branching otherwise hierarchical build, often named a tree structure. Consider the phrase unusable . It contains around three morphemes:
- prefix “un-“
- verb base “use”
- suffix “-able”
What is the construction? Will it be earliest “use” + “-able” while making “usable”, then alongside “un-” while making “unusable”? or perhaps is they earliest “un-” + “use” and also make “unuse”, next along with “-able” while making “unusable”? Given that “unuse” will not can be found from inside the English, when you find yourself “usable” do, we like the first structure, hence represents the latest tree found less than.
This analysis is backed by the overall behavior of them affixes. There can be an effective prefix “un-” that attaches to help you adjectives and work out adjectives that have a terrible definition (“unhurt”, “untrue”, “unhandy”, etc.). And there’s an excellent suffix “-able” one connects to verbs and you may models adjectives (“believable”, “fixable”, “readable”). This gives you the research envisioned a lot more than. It’s impossible to combine a prefix “un-” personally for the verb “use”, therefore, the other logically-you can easily framework won’t work.
- prefix “un-“
- verb stalk “lock”
- suffix “-able”
This time, though, a little believe reveals you that there are two some other definitions because of it word: one to add up to the left-give profile, meaning “perhaps not lockable,” and a second that comparable to best-hands figure, meaning “capable of being unlocked.”