Stavropol area. An ancient-geographic region throughout the Russian Federation located in the main part away from Subcaucasia, involving the Kuban River (and you will Kuban part) on western, the Terek region on the southeast, the newest Don region with the north, the Kalmyk Independent Republic into northeast, and lands of Caucasian slope individuals towards the south and you can southwestern. The fresh Stavropol region fundamentally matches into the area with the previous Stavropol gubernia (in its 18611920 border, 59,five hundred sq . km) together with later Stavropol krai, smaller the fresh Karachai-Cherkess Autonomous oblast (66,five hundred sq . kilometer).
Actual topography. The big portion of the Stavropol part is occupied because of the Stavropol Upland; the new slight portion enjoys components of the fresh new Caspian Lowland regarding eastern, the latest Kuma-Manych Depression on north, and foothills of Caucasus Slopes regarding southwest. The latest climate of your own Stavropol region try transitional, off temperate continental throughout the western so you can dryer and much more continental regarding the east. The larger of them range from the Yegorlyk (which streams on the Manych), the fresh new Kalaus, this new Kuma, plus the Kuban and its own upper tributaries, this new Velykyi Zelenchuk in addition to Malyi Zelenchuk (find Zelenchuk rivers). River water is utilized to own irrigation. Small, mostly saline lakes are plentiful; the most significant ‘s the thin but 160-km-enough time Lake Manych-Gudilo (Ukrainian: Manych-Hudylo).
Nevertheless situated Stavropol region stayed sparsely populated because of the nomadic Nogay Tatars (a good Turkic-speaking people) and you will Kalmyk some body (a Mongol-speaking class), whom to each other numbered on 80,000
New earth on western and you may central area of the Stavropol area is individuals chernozems and you can chestnut earth; towards the eastern and northeast they feel light chestnut. New pure plant life plus change eastward having decreasing dampness, off meadow fescuefeather lawn steppe to help you dry fescuefeather grass steppe following semidesert plant life off wormwood, lifeless fescue, and feather grass. In the much more humid area of the Stavropol Upland as well as in the brand new Caucasus Malaisien belles femmes mountain tops the new sheer plant life is actually forest-steppe which have oak-hornbeam-beech forests. Today both steppe and also the tree-steppe are almost completely eliminated having farming.
History. From the mid-16th century the latest Caucasus and Stavropol area started to become on exposure to Muscovite colonization. Throughout the 16th and you may seventeenth many years Subcaucasia knowledgeable the latest beginnings out-of Cossack colonization (the new Don Cossacks regarding the western plus the Terek Cossacks inside the fresh new east). Caucasian hill peoples, the brand new Karachai therefore the Cherkess, lived in the latest mountain tops of your own region.
At the beginning of new eighteenth century the latest Stavropol area nominally became a portion of the Russian Empire. Permanent agreements, although not, just weren’t oriented up until the last one-fourth of century, whenever, inside 177780, brand new Russian government based a type of forts, the brand new Mozdok-Azov line, having head office in the Stavropol, so you can support the Caucasian hill peoples. By the 1785 the fresh new Stavropol region designed section of Caucasus oblast, that was redesignated a good gubernia inside the 1802. Following numerous title transform it was appointed because Stavropol gubernia for the 1847. Their boundaries have been fundamentally fixed in 1861, whether or not it was separated off Terek oblast. In contrast to Kuban oblast and you can Terek oblast, Stavropol gubernia (because 1898) was not element of Caucasus krai.
Until the 1930s the fresh new Stavropol region are paid by both Ukrainians and you may Russians, and you may constituted part of contiguous, albeit mixed, Ukrainian ethnographic area
The fresh new Russian authorities marketed brand new rapid colonization of the Stavropol region to help you introduce a base for military ways on Caucasus. Element of that point was attained by the giving of preference tracts regarding belongings so you can Russian noblemen, which paid these with the serfs. An even more extreme reason for colonization, not, is actually the fresh impulsive settlement by condition peasants who have been unimpeded by the the new central authorities. In fact new purple regulators legalized extant says toward ukase away from 1804 and you may offered help to people who had compensated inside the the Stavropol region. By the end of one’s 1850s the people off Stavropol gubernia had risen up to 340,000 (5.5 people for each sq . kilometer). Their simply area, Stavropol, grew from about 3,000 customers from inside the 1800 so you’re able to 17,600 citizens inside 1853. More heavily paid parts was this new steppes involving the Yegorlyk together with Kalaus rivers and Kalaus River area. The population away from Stavropol gubernia (including Terek oblast) inside 1853 contained 48.seven % Cossacks, thirty two percent county peasants, 16.2 % nomadic herders, and you may step three.1 percent serfs while others.
